Critical Review of the Approach and Financing System of Islamic Education in Indonesia

Islamic education in Indonesia has unique characteristics with the dualism of formal and non-formal systems, each of which faces challenges in learning approaches and financing mechanisms. This study aims to critically examine the approach and financing system of Islamic education in Indonesia and evaluate its effectiveness in supporting the quality of education. The method used is a qualitative approach through literature study, by analyzing various sources of academic literature, national education policies, and empirical data from Islamic education institutions. The results of the study show that the learning approach in many Islamic educational institutions is still traditional and not fully able to answer the demands of the times. In addition, the available financing system, although supported by government programs such as the School Operational Assistance (BOS) and the Pesantren Operational Fund, still faces obstacles in equitable distribution, management transparency, and capacity gaps between institutions. This study concludes that Islamic education reform needs to be directed towards the integration of a contextualized curriculum approach and more equitable, accountable and sustainable financing. Key recommendations include the need for synergy between the state, society and the private sector in building a quality Islamic education system that is responsive to global challenges.