Exploring Gene Therapy Modalities for Neuroinflammation Control in Alzheimer’s Disease Pathogenesis

Introduction Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, with emerging evidence highlighting neuroinflammation as a critical driver of disease progression. Activated microglia and astrocytes exacerbate neuronal damage, necessitating innovative therapeutic approaches beyond traditional amyloid- and tau-targeted strategies. Gene therapy has recently gained attention for its potential to modulate neuroinflammatory pathways and improve treatment efficacy. Methods: This review synthesizes current literature on gene therapy applications for neuroinflammation in AD. Key methodologies include an analysis of CRISPR-Cas9, RNA interference, and viral vector-based delivery systems. Studies focusing on the modulation of pro-inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, and immune receptors were assessed to determine therapeutic feasibility and efficacy. Results: Gene therapy interventions demonstrate promising capabilities in regulating neuroinflammatory responses, with several strategies successfully targeting inflammatory mediators implicated in AD pathogenesis. Additionally, experimental approaches indicate that gene therapy may enhance amyloid-beta clearance through immune modulation, offering a dual therapeutic benefit. However, challenges remain in optimizing delivery mechanisms, ensuring treatment safety, and validating long-term efficacy. Discussion: The growing interest in gene therapy for AD underscores its potential to address neuroinflammation a previously underexplored therapeutic target. While technological advancements continue to refine delivery systems, further research is necessary to enhance translational feasibility. Ethical and safety considerations surrounding gene editing warrant comprehensive evaluation before clinical implementation. Future research should prioritize optimizing CNS delivery and long-term monitoring of gene-modified cells to ensure treatment stability. Conclusion: Gene therapy presents a novel approach for modulating neuroinflammation in AD, offering potential benefits beyond conventional treatments. Continued advancements in gene-editing techniques and targeted delivery systems will be critical in overcoming existing barriers and maximizing therapeutic outcomes in neurodegenerative disease management.