Calibration and Experimental Validation of Discrete Element Parameters of Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus

The development of slicing equipment for Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus (FTB) has been constrained by the absence of precise and reliable simulation model parameters, which has hindered the optimization of structural design through simulation techniques. Taking FTB as the research object, this study aims to resolve this issue by conducting the calibration and experimental validation of the discrete element parameters for FTB. Both intrinsic and contact parameters were obtained through physical experiments, on the basis of which a discrete element model for FTB was established by using the Hertz–Mindlin with bonding model. To validate the calibrated bonding parameters of this model, the maximum shear force was selected as the evaluation index. Significant influencing factors were identified and analyzed through a single-factor test, a two-level factorial test, and the steepest ascent method. Response surface methodology was then applied for experimental design and parameter optimization. Finally, shear and compression tests were conducted to verify the accuracy of calibrated parameters. The results show that the mechanical properties of FTB are significantly affected by the normal stiffness per unit area, the tangential stiffness per unit area, and the bonding radius, with optimal values of 1.438 × 108 N·m−3, 0.447 × 108 N·m−3, and 1.362 mm, respectively. The relative errors in the shear and compression tests were all within 5.18%. The maximum error between the simulated and measured maximum shear force under three different types of blades was less than 5.11%. The percentages of the average shear force of the oblique blade were reduced by 52.23% and 29.55% compared with the flat and arc blades, respectively, while the force variation trends for FTB remained consistent. These findings confirm the reliability of the simulation parameters and establish a theoretical basis for optimizing the structural design of slicing equipment for FTB.