This paper examines the CPEC and its diversification into KPK and studies the social-economic impact on the region. This study employs the combined method of qualitative and quantitative data to assess CPEC’s economic impact by confirming anticipated GDP and employment outcomes as theorized under Modernization Theory. The paper also delves into potential dependency concerns highlighted by Dependency Theory, reflecting on how reliance on Chinese capital and expertise may affect KPK’s long-term economic autonomy. Furthermore, the paper scrutinizes the socio-cultural effects, which encompass community reactions to modernization and the assimilation of foreign workers, as well as environmental issues like deforestation and biodiversity threats, and proposes eco-friendly strategies for sustainable development. Power Transition Theory provides a framework for analyzing the geopolitical implications of CPEC's growth, emphasizing Pakistan's strategic role in South Asia. Policy proposals encompass the enhancement of local industry, the establishment of environmental protections, and the encouragement of cultural integration to harmonize growth with local requirements. The purpose of this research is to enlighten the stakeholders, policymakers, and academia on the prospects and threats of CPEC expansion, as well as provide specific steps to leverage its benefits and minimize risks.
Ullah et al. (Wed,) studied this question.