The Structural Model of Cyberbullying-Cybervictimization Experience Based on Perceived Social Support, Mediated by Self-Esteem in Adolescents

Objective: This study aimed to examine the structural model of cyberbullying-cybervictimization experience based on perceived social support with the mediating role of self-esteem among adolescents. Methods and Materials: This was a descriptive-correlational study using structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all high school students (second stage) in Tehran during the 2023–2024 academic year. A sample of 400 students was selected using multistage cluster sampling. Data were collected using the Cyberbullying-Victimization Experience Questionnaire (CBVEQ), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS-26 and Amos-24. Findings: Path analysis revealed a significant positive effect of perceived social support on self-esteem (β=0.438, p<0.001). Self-esteem had a significant negative effect on cyberbullying-cybervictimization experience (β=-0.317, p<0.001), while perceived social support directly and negatively influenced cyberbullying-cybervictimization (β=-0.567, p<0.001). Sobel test confirmed the mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between perceived social support and cyberbullying-cybervictimization (Z=-7.933, p<0.001). Conclusion: The findings suggest that perceived social support acts as a protective factor against negative virtual experiences by enhancing adolescents’ self-esteem. Strengthening familial, peer, and social support systems, along with promoting self-esteem, can significantly reduce the risk of cyberbullying and cybervictimization among adolescents.