In 2015–2018, excavations were conducted in the City of David National Park in Jerusalem (Permit Nos. A-7289, A-7416, A-7634, A-7926, A-8259; map ref. 222327–32/631338–61; Fig. 1). The excavations, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and funded by the City of David Foundation (El‘ad), were directed by M. Hagbi, N. Szanton, J. Uziel and A. Levy, with the assistance of A. Bejarano, R. Ben-Chelouche, M. Haber, S. Hirshberg-Tal, M. Sindel, O. Chalaf, A. Levy, O. Amichay, K. Palmberger, A. Kessler, N. Rom, T. Shadiel and M. Shor (area supervision), N. Nehama and R. Abu Halaf (administration ), V. Essman, A. Wiegmann, Y. Shmidov and A. Rose (surveying, drafting and photogrammetry), A. Rose (plans), D. Tanami (metal detection), A. Peretz and A. Fadida (photography), C. Amit (studio photography), G. Zagdon, I. Novoselesky, A. Yolis, H. Richman and A. Shilmayev (wet sifting), D. Gil (geology), Y. Vaknin, A. van Zaiden and H. Shhadah (conservation), O. Cohen and Y. Sheffer (conservation engineering), A. Koren, Y. Grushko and G. Frieman (engineering supervision), R. Bar-Nathan and T. Lieberman (pottery), Y. Gorin-Rosen and T. Winter (glass), D.T. Ariel and R. Kool (numismatics), H. Kupershmidt and I. Reznitsky (metallurgical laboratory), E. Weiss and A. Amihai (archaeobotany), Y. Nagar (physical anthropology), A. Zilberstein and R. Reich (stone vessels and stone weights), P. Schneider (stone and bitumen), I. Ktalav, N. Marom, R. Zuckerman and M. Orbach (archaeozoology), D. Langgut, A. Kraemer and H. Roth (coal, pollen and parasites), D. Namdar (residue analysis), M. Laor, K. Gur-Arieh, G. Berkowitz, D. Hammer, D. Cohen, Y. Carmeli, N. Mizrahi and A. Ajami (representing the developer).
Hagbi et al. (Tue,) studied this question.
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