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September 30, 2025Open Access

Multifunctional roles and advances of polymers in solar cell technologies: a review

NANouf K. AL‐SaleemImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University AAAishah AL-NaghmaishJubail University College MMMohamed MadaniJubail University College

Key Points

Polymers enable solar cells to achieve efficiency greater than 18%, improving energy output significantly.
Encapsulants ensure protection against UV and moisture, enhancing the longevity of solar cells under varied conditions.
Self-cleaning coatings maintain up to 95% output, contributing to lower maintenance requirements and higher performance.
Stretchable polymers open avenues for wearable solar modules, accommodating up to 50% strain while maintaining functionality.

Abstract

Polymers enable flexible, lightweight solar cells with >18% efficiency. Encapsulants boost UV and moisture resistance. Self-cleaning coatings retain 95% output, and stretchable polymers allow wearable modules with up to 50% strain.

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