Evaluation of Tweed Cephalometric Analysis Measurements in Different Malocclusion Types: A Cross-sectional Study

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the relationship and differences in Tweed cephalometric analysis measurements according to malocclusion type and gender in individuals with different dental and skeletal malocclusions. A secondary aim is to contribute to the establishment of reference values for the Turkish population. Material-Methods: This retrospective study included cephalometric radiographs of 200 individuals, with an equal number of males and females in each dental malocclusion group (50 individuals per group). Dental malocclusion was classified according to Angle’s classification (Class I, Class II division 1, Class II division 2, Class III). In contrast, skeletal malocclusion was classified based on the ANB angle (Class I, Class II, Class III). The FMA, FMIA, and IMPA angles, which are part of the cephalometric analysis proposed by Tweed, were measured. Statistical analyses of dental and skeletal malocclusion, gender, and their interactions were conducted using MANOVA analysis. Results: The FMA angle did not differ significantly based on dental or skeletal malocclusion. The FMIA angle was similar in individuals with dental and skeletal Class I and Class II malocclusions but significantly lower in Class III individuals (p