Broadband solutions for ultra-deep imaging: Theory and experience in China and in the world

Extending the seismic signal frequency towards the low frequencies has become almost standard on seismic projects, owing to the benefits it provides in terms of vertical resolution, signal penetration, inversion workflow results or ease of interpretation. When targeting ultra-deep targets, the broadband benefit mainly becomes a low-frequency one, as the high frequencies get promptly absorbed. Such deep, hard-to-image targets thus require a specific, low-frequency-compliant strategy. One that encompasses not only sources and receivers further described herein, but also processing. Such targets are commonly met in different areas of the world, including Western China.