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High-amplitude gradient systems can surpass the IEC regulatory limit for cardiac stimulation (CS), which is based on animal electrostimulation data and simplified electromagnetic modeling. We assess CS in MRI by performing the first cardiac magnetostimulation threshold measurements in pigs, the primary animal model of the human cardiovascular system. We use the measurements to validate a detailed CS modeling pipeline applicable to both pigs and humans. Experimental thresholds and predictions in porcine-specific models agree within 19% NRMSE. CS modeling in a detailed human body model indicates that CS thresholds of the Connectome gradient are ~25-fold greater than the IEC CS limit.
Klein et al. (Wed,) studied this question.