A Data-Driven Approach for Predicting the Lifetime of Lithium-Metal Batteries

Lithium-metal batteries (LMBs) are promising candidates for accelerating the implementation of electric vehicles in our society. LMBs comprise of a lithium-metal anode that possesses the highest theoretical specific capacity (3860 mAh/g) and the lowest redox potential (-3.04V vs standard hydrogen electrode). 1 LMBs undergo repeated plating and stripping of lithium ions on the anode surface. The non-homogenous stripping process leads to the isolation of metallic lithium from the anode surface, forming dead-lithium. 2 The parasitic reaction between the lithium-metal anode and the electrolyte leads to the formation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. These phenomena lead to the reduction of available lithium and a rise in cell impedance, causing a rapid reduction of lifetime for these batteries. 3 , 4 In this talk, we present a diverse dataset collected from different LMBs of different capacities and voltage ranges, that includes features from the initial formation cycle, rest voltages and CV charging during cycling. A data-driven model from the LMB cycling data is presented to predict the remaining useful lifetime (RUL) of these cells. Insights from the model can be used to determine the bad cells in a batch, improve the designs of the cells and derive optimal charging protocols for their implementation in the BMS. References Lin, D., Liu, Y. & Cui, Y. Reviving the lithium metal anode for high-energy batteries. Nat. Nanotechnol. 12 , 194 (2017). Xu, S., Chen, K.-H., Dasgupta, N. P., Siegel, J. B. & Stefanopoulou, A. G. Evolution of Dead Lithium Growth in Lithium Metal Batteries: Experimentally Validated Model of the Apparent Capacity Loss. J. Electrochem. Soc. 166 , A3456–A3463 (2019). Liu, G. & Lu, W. A Model of Concurrent Lithium Dendrite Growth, SEI Growth, SEI Penetration and Regrowth. J. Electrochem. Soc. 164 , A1826–A1833 (2017). Gao, N. et al. Fast Diagnosis of Failure Mechanisms and Lifetime Prediction of Li Metal Batteries. Small Methods 5 , 1–11 (2021).