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Open innovation shapes how organizations innovate and compete, particularly in the dynamic tourism sector. Despite its potential, the theoretical framework for open innovation in tourism is still developing, and there is a need for further understanding of its applications in the tourism sector. This research aims to define the dimensions of open innovation in tourism to understand how these practices can be tailored to meet the sector's unique challenges. Through a systematic literature review of 17 articles from Scopus and Web of Science databases (2016–2023), the study confirms the critical role of open innovation in enhancing tourism competitiveness by enabling adaptation to market changes. Key findings include the importance of collaboration and co-creation among tourism industry stakeholders, which is crucial due to the sector's constant evolution driven by consumer preferences, technological advancements, and competition. Thirteen of the reviewed studies emphasize this aspect, while others highlight the role of digital technologies in modernizing and improving tourism processes, thereby creating innovative services for digitally connected consumers. Additionally, fostering an innovation culture and sustainability is essential for integrating innovative practices that consider future environmental and societal impacts. The research identifies four dimensions of open innovation crucial for tourism: digital technologies, collaboration and co-creation, innovation culture, and sustainability. These dimensions help guide strategies for developing competitive and memorable tourist experiences. The study underscores the complexity and relevance of open innovation as a strategy for tourism development, with the identified themes paving the way for innovation and sustainable success in the sector.
Cardoso et al. (Thu,) studied this question.