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India is the second-largest rice producer in the world, accounting for over 20% of global production.Rice is a major crop in India, covering around 43 million hectares of land.Major rice-producing states in India are West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu.There are different types / Rice varieties, India grows over 6,000 varieties of rice.In which Popular varieties include Basmati, Jasmine, and Non-Basmati. The production seasons are Kharif (June-September): The main rice-growing season and Rabi (October-March): The secondary rice-growing season. Average yield of 2.5-3.5 tons per hectare and a total production of Over 110 million tons per year. There are many initiatives taken by GOI to promote the rice cultivation in India some of then are National Food Security Mission (NFSM) to increase rice production, and Rice Export Policy to promote exports. The increasing demand for rice globally provokes India to cultivate more and more rice and similarly increasing the export potential. Also shifting and trying new varieties or diversification to other rice varieties. GOI must ensure for the sustainable rice cultivation practices. Growing of more and more rice will also increase the agriculture waste called as paddy straws, in India, paddy straw is often burned, causing air pollution, but initiatives promote its use for bioenergy and composting. In China, Japan, and many other countries, uses paddy straw for bioenergy, animal feed, and paper production. Also Globally United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) promotes sustainable use of paddy straw for bioenergy, animal feed, and soil amendment, similarly the International Energy Agency (IEA) recognizes paddy straw as a potential feedstock for bioenergy and biofuels.
Gupta et al. (Mon,) studied this question.