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Multi-drug resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain continues to be a global health challenge due to the rise in their ability to produce extended-spectrum β-lactamase and AmpC β-Lactamas. In Nigeria, Heterotis rotundifolia (Sunflower), Chromolaena odorata (Awolowo leaf), and Helianthus annuus (Pink lady) have been used traditionally to treat P. aeruginosa-associated diseases. Still, their effectiveness has not been scientifically validated. This study investigated the prevalence and effect of crude extracts of these medicinal plants on MDR P. aeruginosa. A total of 500 samples (350 clinical, 100 animal and 50 environmental samples) were collected in Lagos State between January and June 2023. Samples were analysed microbiologically, and isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility by standard methods. P. aeruginosa isolates were screened for AmpC and ESBL production using standard procedures. The plants were screened for their anti-P. aeruginosa activity and their phytochemical constituents. This study revealed a 2.4% overall prevalence of P. aeruginosa, with varying prevalence including 1.7% in clinical, 6% environmental, and 3% in animal samples. P. aeruginosa isolates were 100% resistant to ceftriaxone, augmentin, and colistin sulphate, 100% susceptible to imipenem and 83.3% AmpC producers. Both methanol and aqueous extracts of the three plants were effective against MDR P. aeruginosa strains at 100 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml concentrations. The existence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, and other compounds at different concentrations was shown from the phytochemical screening. Higher effectivity of H. rotundifolia aqueous extract was detected against AmpC-producing strains. Molecular, phyto-kinetic and toxicological analyses of AmpC-producing P. aeruginosa should be carried out to ascertain the basis of the effectiveness of H. rotundifolia.
A Thu, study studied this question.