Exploring endophytic actinomycetes: A rich reservoir of diverse antimicrobial compounds for combatting global antimicrobial resistance

The escalating global threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) necessitates the discovery of novel and effective antimicrobial agents. In recent decades, the dwindling efficacy of existing drugs has propelled researchers to explore new sources for potential solutions. Endophytic actinomycetes, residing in the healthy tissues of plants, have captured significant attention due to their ability to produce diverse bioactive compounds, many of which display potent antimicrobial activities. This review paper delves into the burgeoning field of endophytic actinomycetes, outlining their mutualistic symbiosis with host plants, resulting in the production of a myriad of bioactive compounds. These compounds exhibit remarkable chemical diversity, ranging from aliphatic compounds, alkaloids, peptides, phenolics, polyketides to terpenoids. Through an in-depth analysis, this review showcases the substantial antimicrobial potential of endophytic actinomycetes, emphasizing their capacity to generate diverse antimicrobial compounds capable to combating human and plant pathogens. The diversity of antimicrobial agents derived from these microorganisms holds immense promise in the ongoing battle against AMR. Consequently, this paper emphasizes the urgent need to intensify efforts in the exploration and development of new and effective antimicrobial drugs sourced from endophytic actinomycetes. By harnessing the full potential of these bioactive compounds, we can advance toward a sustainable solution in alleviating the growing burden of infectious diseases caused by drug-resistant pathogens.