Spin liquid state in an emergent honeycomb lattice antiferromagnet

In rare-earth-based frustrated magnets, the synergistic interplay between spin correlations, spin-orbit coupling and competing exchange interactions provide a promising route to realize exotic quantum states with nontrivial excitations. Here, through thermodynamic and local-probe measurements down to 16 mK, we demonstrate the exotic magnetism and spin dynamics in the nearly perfect emergent honeycomb lattice antiferromagnet TbBO3. The latter embodies a frustrated lattice with a superimposed triangular lattice, constituted by additional Tb3+ ions at the center of each hexagon. Thermodynamic experiments reveal the presence of dominant antiferromagnetic interactions with no indications of either long-range order or spin freezing down to 50 mK. Despite sizable antiferromagnetic exchange interactions between the Tb3+ moments, muon-spin relaxation does not detect any signatures of long-range magnetic order or spin-freezing down to 16 mK. This suggests that the spin-orbit-driven anisotropic exchange interaction engenders a strong frustration, crucial to induce persistent spin dynamics. The specific-heat data exhibit a T². 2 power-law behavior at low temperatures, suggesting gapless excitations consistent with theoretical predictions. The scaling of muon relaxation rate as a function of the characteristic energy scale for several spin-liquid candidates, including TbBO3, demonstrates a thermally activated behavior. This is consistent with NMR results on TbBO3 and reminiscent of a universal QSL behavior, here attributed to short-range spin correlations. Our experimental results are supported by density functional theory + Hubbard U and crystal electric-field calculations, which propose TbBO3 as a promising platform to realize the theoretically proposed quantum disorder state in an anisotropy-driven frustrated honeycomb lattice.