New Short-Circuited Coaxial Method Implementation for Complex Permittivity Measurement of Power Transformer Oils

The investigation into the dielectric properties of transformer oils has been a focal point in both historical and contemporary electric insulation technology as high-voltage applications have greatly benefited from the continuous research efforts in this field. The dielectric permittivity is one of the factors to be negotiated when discussing the electric insulation of any material. This work aims to showcase a new short-circuited coaxial cable method to evaluate the complex dielectric permittivity of palm, sunflower and rapeseed oil and review other previously used measurement techniques. Mainly, the test was performed using a sample holder that represents a short-ended coaxial cable filled with the test material which is connected to one port of a vector network analyser. The measurements of the input impedance for various oil samples were conducted at frequencies ranging from 1 MHz to 10 MHz. The technique uses the value of the input impedance which depends on the reflected signals from the test sample to the network analyser, consequently, the value of the dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss have been calculated using the short circuit impedance formula which involves numerical methods to get the results which shows that this method can be used as an alternative to investigate the oils insulation parameters as it provides smooth results for permittivity without any divergence, ensuring more reliable and consistent measurements as well as providing high accuracy in determining the permittivity of materials.