A short-term electricity load forecasting method integrating empirical modal decomposition with SAM-LSTM

Short-term power load forecasting is the basis for ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power system. However, because power load forecasting is affected by weather, economy, geography, and other factors, it has strong instability and nonlinearity, making it difficult to improve the accuracy of short-term power load forecasting. To solve the above problems, a load forecasting method combining empirical modal decomposition (EMD) and long short-term memory neural network (LSTM) has been proposed. The original signal is first decomposed into a series of eigenmode functions and a residual quantity using the EMD algorithm. Subsequently, all the components are fed into the LSTM network. To further improve the load prediction accuracy, a self-attention mechanism is introduced for large component signals to further explore the internal correlation of the data, and the Sparrow Optimisation Algorithm (SSA) is used to optimize the LSTM hyperparameters. Combining EMD, LSTM, self-attention mechanism (SAM), and SSA, the EMD-SSA- SAM -LSTM method for short-term power load forecasting is further proposed. The results show that the coefficient of determination ( R 2 ) of the method is 0.98, the mean absolute error (MAE) is 0.013, the root mean square error (RMSE) is 0.018, and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is 2.57%, which verifies that the proposed model can improve the accuracy of load forecasting, and has a certain application prospect.