Dose equivalent consideration from neutron contamination in modified radiotherapy vault: a Monte Carlo study

Laminated barriers incorporating metal sheets provide effective protection for space-restricted radiotherapy centers. This study aimed to assess photoneutron contamination in smaller vaults protected by different compositions of multilayer barriers during simulated pelvic radiotherapy with 18 MV photon beams. Monte Carlo Simulations of 18 MV LINAC (Varian 2100 C/D) and Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) phantom were used to assess photoneutron contamination within reconstructed vaults incorporating different combinations of metal sheet and borated polyethylene (BPE) during pelvic radiotherapy. The findings highlight a 3.27 and 2.91 times increase in ambient neutron doseHn*(10) along the maze of reconstructed vaults that use lead and steel sheets, respectively, compared to concrete. TheHn*(10) outside the treatment room increased after incorporating a metal sheet, but it remained within the permissible limit of 20μSv/week for uncontrolled areas adjacent to the LINAC bunker, even with a workload of 1000Gy/week. Neutron equivalent doses in the patient's organs ranged from 0.22 to 0.96 mSv Gy-1. There is no notable distinction in the organ's neutron equivalent dose, fatal cancer risk, secondary radiation-induced cancer risk, and cancer mortality for various laminated barrier compositions. Furthermore, the use of metal sheets for vault wall reconstruction keeps the variation in cancer risk induced by photoneutrons below 6%, while risks of fatal cancer and cancer mortality vary less than 11%. While the metal portion of the laminated barrier raises the neutron dose, the addition of a BPE plate reduces concerns of increased effective dose and secondary malignancy risk.