Temporal Analysis of the Relationship between Black Bean Aphid (Aphis fabae) Infestation and Meteorological Conditions in Faba Bean (Vicia faba)

Faba beans (Vicia faba L.) face threats from pests like the black bean aphid (Aphis fabae S.). By understanding the intricate interactions between environmental factors and pest dynamics, we aim to enhance pest management practices in leguminous crop production for improved efficiency and sustainability. A field experiment spanning three growing seasons (2021–2023) explored the link between meteorological parameters and A. fabae abundance in V. faba. Weekly field inspections documented aphid levels alongside concurrent meteorological data. Correlation and multiple linear regression were used to evaluate these relationships. Aphid infestation varied annually, appearing in 2021 and 2023 but not in 2022. Peak density aligned with specific growth stages, indicating temporal variability. In 2023, a significant surge of 1157.4% to 2126.0% compared to 2021 levels highlighted population dynamics in response to environmental factors. Negative correlations with total rainfall were consistent in both years, while positive correlations with maximum temperature and relative humidity were observed. Multiple linear regression attributed 67.1% to 99.9% of aphid abundance variance to the meteorological parameters, emphasizing their role in predicting aphid populations. Our study sheds light on the complex relationship between meteorological parameters and A. fabae dynamics, offering valuable insights into factors impacting aphid abundance in V. faba.