A Dynamic Detection Method for Railway Slope Falling Rocks Based on the Gaussian Mixture Model Segmentation Algorithm

Rockfall intrusion detection is crucial for the safety management of railway operations, and video detection methods help reduce deployment costs and improve detection efficiency. Mainstream neural network-based video detection methods have rapidly evolved in recent years but struggle to adapt to complex scenarios such as existing railway slope constructions due to weak generalization ability, low accuracy, and limited information acquisition. Therefore, this paper introduces a dynamic neural network detection model and establishes a dataset for rockfall intrusions in existing railway slope scenarios. The model initially relies on the YOLOv5 neural network, adopting an activation function suitable for the target scenario and addressing overfitting to achieve precise target recognition. Based on the neural network, the model dynamically detects rolling rockfalls by integrating a background subtraction algorithm based on the Gaussian Mixture Model and captures target dimensions using monocular vision technology, thus broadening the dimensions of detection information. Trials conducted on a railway in Shandong, China, demonstrate that the model accurately identifies moving rockfalls along the railway slopes and acquires the dimensions of moving rockfalls, successfully filtering out low-risk targets in the scene.