Uncertain programming model for designing multi-objective reverse logistics networks

Given the contradiction between the rapid growth of products and the modest recovery rate of end-of-life products, there is a pressing need to understand the societal significance of establishing a reverse logistics network for end-of-life products. This research constructs an open-loop five-tier reverse logistic network model encompassing customers, centres for collection, disassembly and inspection, remanufacturing, and disposal. A multi-objective mixed-integer nonlinear programming model under uncertainty has been developed. Unlike previous research, this model accounts for surrounding residents' disutility of facilities while simultaneously minimising economic costs and environmental impact. Besides, uncertainty theory is introduced in solving the proposed model. More specifically, the formulated model converts all uncertain variables into uncertain distributions by implementing the uncertain multi-objective programming method. Furthermore, a customised non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm III (NSGA-III) is proposed and is employed for the first time to address facility selection and recycling volume distribution within the network. The model is then validated using a real-life case study focusing on end-of-life vehicles in Changchun, China. This research could assist decision-makers in both governmental and private sectors in achieving a balanced approach to the interests of the economy, environment, and local communities comprehensively when designing reverse supply chains.