Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic condition that affects millions of people worldwide. The majority of patients with COPD have multiple coexisting chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, lung cancer, and metabolic syndrome, a phenomenon that is known as multimorbidity. The coexistence of these diseases with COPD complicates diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
Kallieri et al. (Tue,) studied this question.