Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Society: Risk and Challenges

Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think and act like humans. These machines are designed to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and language translation. AI technologies include machine learning, which enables computers to learn from experience and improve their performance over time without being explicitly programmed, and deep learning, which uses neural networks to process complex patterns and data. AI has applications in various fields, including healthcare, defence, transportation, education, and labour market, and its development has raised ethical, social, educational, and economic implications. The main objective of the study is to explore the literature on the artificial intelligence, its impact on society as well as challenges and risks posed by AI. Recently AI has been utilized in various fields. To cover various societal aspects, literature has been reviewed from various disciplines where AI is applied. These areas include healthcare, automobiles, education, labour market, defence, entertainment, computation, and security. These articles are retrieved from peer-reviewed sources based on the keywords suggesting the role of AI, forecasting & assessment of impact, behavioural & ecological aspects of AI, and AI's relation to employment. In this study it has been concluded that application of Artificial Intelligence has transformed the conventional ways of almost every area of modern society by bringing the significant changes in the industry, commerce, defence, education, labour market and healthcare services. But it has raised certain concerns also such as automation leads to job displacement and economic inequality concentrating revenue among fewer individuals. AI supported Autonomous Weapons to kill could cause mass casualties if misused. Hence the idea is both devastating and exciting and the application of AI should be carefully monitored.