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Renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power exhibit strong stochasticity and volatility, resulting in decreased power supply security and sustainability. A strategically optimized hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) is crucial for maintaining stable load operations and achieving sustainable energy development. This paper introduces an energy optimization management model for an independent HRES consisting of wind turbines, photovoltaic systems, diesel generators, and energy storage units. Operational strategies focus on energy storage-led loads following diesel generator-led load prioritizations. The model aims to optimize objectives to include economic, environmental, and power supply reliability indices. A dynamic adaptive parameter approach balances the parameters of the objective function at various instances. The optimal capacity allocation of the model is solved using the improved gray wolf optimization (IGWO) algorithm. This approach incorporates the golden sine strategy, the levy flight strategy, and the dynamic inverse learning strategy into the traditional GWO algorithm. Analyzing different test functions, evaluation metrics, and actual load data indicates that the proposed algorithm excels in global optimization capabilities and search speeds. The model significantly reduces the economic and environmental costs of the HRES microgrids and improves the sustainable development of renewable energy in various scenarios.
Lu et al. (Wed,) studied this question.