Comparison of outcomes between early-stage cervical cancer patients without high-risk factors undergoing adjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy and radiotherapy alone after radical surgery

Abstract Purpose For patients with early-stage cervical cancer without high-risk factors, there is no consensus regarding the optimal postoperative treatment regimen and whether postoperative concurrent radiochemotherapy (CCRT) is superior to radiotherapy (RT) alone. Patients and methods The medical records of patients with stage I-IIA cervical cancer, who underwent radical surgery and postoperative RT or CCRT between June 2012 and December 2017, were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with any high-risk factors, including positive pelvic lymph node(s), positive resection margin(s), and parametrial invasion, were excluded. Patients with large tumors (≥ 4 cm), deep stromal invasion (≥ 1/2), and lymphovascular space involvement were categorized as the intermediate-risk group. Patients without intermediate-risk factors were categorized as the low-risk group. Results A total of 403 patients were enrolled and divided into 2 groups according to postoperative treatment: RT alone ( n = 105); and CCRT ( n = 298). For risk stratification, patients were also divided into 2 groups: intermediate-risk ( n = 350); and low-risk ( n = 53). The median follow-up was 51.7 months. Patients in the intermediate-risk group and those with multiple intermediate-risk factors were more likely to undergo CCRT. For patients who underwent RT alone or CCRT in the intermediate-risk group, 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 93.4% and 93.8% ( p = 0.741), and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 90.6% and 91.4%, respectively ( p = 0.733). Similarly, for patients who underwent RT alone or CCRT in the low-risk group, the 5-year OS rates were 100.0% and 93.5% ( p = 0.241), and 5-year DFS rates were 94.4% and 93.5%, respectively ( p = 0.736). Adjuvant CCRT or RT were not independent risk factors for either OS or DFS. Patients who underwent CCRT appeared to develop a higher proportion of grade ≥ 3 acute hematological toxicities than those in the RT group (44.0% versus 11.4%, respectively; p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in grade ≥ 3 chronic toxicities of the urogenital and gastrointestinal systems between the CCRT and RT groups. Conclusion There was no significant difference in 5-year OS and DFS rates between patients with early-stage cervical cancer without high-risk factors undergoing postoperative CCRT versus RT alone. Patients who underwent CCRT appeared to develop a higher proportion of grade ≥ 3 acute hematological toxicities than those who underwent RT alone.