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Athlete maltreatment has become 'one of the greatest concerns faced by governing bodies, authorities and practitioners in sport' (Stirling 2009, p. 1901). Its causes broadly stem from: (1) the culture and authority structures in organised sport; (2) the limited legal rights of athletes; and (3) a fragmented system of organisational oversight. Cutting across these causes is the distinct 'policy mix' within the elite sport system itself. Drawing upon a theoretical framework located within 'new institutionalism' and an interpretive qualitative approach using document analysis and semi-structured interviews, this investigation focuses on how policy instruments (e.g. programmes, rules, budgets, etc.) combine to shape/reinforce the behaviour and views of athletes, coaches, and administrators. Findings show that the policy instruments within the existing hierarchical structure of the elite sport system are interconnected and complement each other to mutually facilitate the attainment of elite sport success. Overall, this study suggests that the mix of policy instruments aimed at achieving the state's sport/political objectives may sustain and reinforce maltreatment.
Park et al. (Sun,) studied this question.