Incidence, pattern, etiology of facial fractures among two referral centers (retrospective cross-sectional study)

Facial trauma represents a serious public health problem. Although there is an increase in maxillofacial trauma globally, patternand etiology of these maxillofacial injuries varies between countries due to socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental factorsfor each country.The object of this study was to analyze and discuss incidence, pattern, and etiology of maxillofacial fractures. A retrospectivecross- sectional study of 350 patients admitted to oral and maxillofacial department during 2016 to 2021. Data were collectedfor age, gender, etiology , fracture pattern , timing of admission , hospital stay , method of treatment and cost. All data wereanalyzed using statistical analysis that is chi square test. There is male predominance with the highest incidence in the age groupof 20 to 35 years. The most common etiology of trauma is motorcycle accident (34.29%), car accidents (18.57%) followedby falling accidents (14.86%) zygoma (13.71%) is the most common fracture site in the face. Thus, effectiveness of currentpreventive measures is to be assessed, followed by constructing new guidelines for prevention and inflexible traffic rules shallbe raised. More epidemiological surveys can, if encouraged to measure the frequency of fractures, better the world.