Why Do Students Drop Out of High School?: The Case Study of Kasi District in Lao PDR

Purpose: This study explored why high school students decided to drop out in rural area of Lao PDR and further aimed to propose possible prevention to improve the drop out situation of the countries. Originality: Previous research that primarily focused on specific factors and dropout rate cannot explained why students decided to leave high school in early grade. Therefore, using comprehensive framework including individual and institutional factors, this study examined the dropout factors from individual perspective in qualitative way. Methodology: The study uses an explanatory sequential mixed method approach that employs both a questionnaire and interviews. Total 30 participants engaged in interviews including students and their parents, teachers and governmental officials. A thematic analysis was utilized for data analysis. Result: The results highlight that at the individual level, such as lack of motivation, peer pressure, early marriage, and cultural norms, pose barriers to high school attendance. Low household income and negative family dynamics also contribute significantly to dropout rates, with agricultural demands and family particular situations. Insufficient school resources, including materials and extracurricular activities, along with a shortage of qualified teachers, affect student engagement. Additionally, the community's low human and social capital increase dropout rates by limiting employment opportunities. Conclusions and Implication: The results indicated that both individual and institutional factors played a role in the dropout decision-making process. Furthermore, they suggested essential considerations such as examining job prospects for high school graduates in the local community, and evaluating the availability of resources within the school and community to assist students at risk of dropping out.