Online identification of Hammerstein systems with B‐spline networks

Summary Nonlinear systems widely exist in real‐word applications and the research for these systems has enjoyed a long and fruitful history, including the system identification community. However, the modeling for nonlinear systems is often quite challenging and still remains many unresolved questions. This article considers the online identification issue of Hammerstein systems, whose nonlinear static function is modeled by a B‐spline network. First, the identification model of the studied system is constructed using the bilinear parameter decomposition model. Second, the online recursive algorithms are proposed to find the estimates using the moving data window and the particle swarm optimization procedure, and show that these estimates converge to their true values with a low computational burden. Numerical examples are also given to test the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.