A Method for Detection of Methane Leaks from Idle and Orphaned Wells Using High-Precision Sensor and a Ventilation Canopy

Abstract A framework for monitoring and detecting methane emissions from point sources with IOT capability, especially in abandoned wells, is essential to address environmental concerns about reducing greenhouse gases. Our novel design can monitor emissions from abandoned and poorly sealed oil and gas wells in real time, factoring in environmental variables such as weather, moisture, and wind conditions. The research presented in this paper is based on data from extensive experimental work using the point source emission of pure methane. To simulate the process, we measured methane emissions using a specially designed canopy enclosing the gas release point with the state-of-the-art sensor that can detect ultra-low leak rates of methane released from a controlled source. The novel canopy system was constructed to mount the sensor and to minimize wind and meteorological effects. Numerous field tests using wide-scale land surfaces were performed to optimize the design parameters of the canopy system. A wind sensor was incorporated into the framework to examine the wind's local, real-time effect on detected concentration and leak rates. Using the unique arrangement of our combined canopy, barrier, and local wind sensor system, we can successfully detect and monitor methane emissions from abandoned wells at rates nearing one gram per hour, which is not detectable with previously available technologies. The effect of wind is minimized while allowing for natural ventilation and notifying operators of asset integrity in real-time. This solution decreases costs, and offers scalability, and remote sensing ability.