The Physicochemical, Phytochemical, and in-Vitro Safety Study of Kayam Churna

Kayam churna (KC) is an Indian Polyherbal formulation, a mixture of herbs.For generations, people have used the polyherbal remedy Kayam churna to treat conditions including diarrhea and constipation, improve digestion, treat ulcers, and more.It is said to be effective and safe.The current study aimed to investigate the presence of heavy metals, phytochemical analysis, and also in-vitro studies on HepG2 cell line to investigate the anti-oxidant and cytotoxic potentials of Kayam churna considering that they are utilized by a significant proportion of the population in India.The heavy metal analysis was done by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), phytochemical analysis by standard methods, and cytotoxicity assessment by MTT assay with five different concentrations of drug (62.5 µg/ml, 125 µg/ml, 250 µg/ml, 500 µg/ml, and 1000 µg/ml) and anti-oxidant study by the evaluation of ROS level by Anti-ROS assay (H2DCFDA Staining method).The AAS study of the test drug revealed the very low concentration (below the permissible limit) of heavy like cadmium, lead, zinc, and copper.The Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of carbohydrates, glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, and steroids.When the HepG2 cell line was exposed to higher concentrations (1000 g/ml) of the test drug, no noticeable reduction in cell viability was observed.Also, the anti-oxidant study of KC indicates that the antioxidant defense system in cells is successfully lowering oxidative stress.Therefore, the tested Ayurvedic formulation (Kayam-churna) was found to be safe, lacking significant liver cytotoxicity, having a potential anti-oxidant effect, and did not contain heavy metal concentrations over the permissible limits.