First-in-Human Safety, Imaging, and Dosimetry of a Carbonic Anhydrase IX–Targeting Peptide, 68GaGa-DPI-4452, in Patients with Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

68GaGa-DPI-4452, a first-in-class carbonic anhydrase IX–binding radiolabeled peptide, is the imaging agent of a theranostic pair with 177LuLu-DPI-4452, developed for selecting and treating patients with carbonic anhydrase IX–expressing tumors. Here, 68GaGa-DPI-4452 imaging characteristics, dosimetry, pharmacokinetics, and safety were assessed in 3 patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Methods: After 68GaGa-DPI-4452 administration, patients underwent serial full-body PET/CT imaging. Blood and urine were sampled. Safety was monitored for 7 d after injection. Results: Tumor uptake was observed at all time points (15 min to 4 h). Across 36 lesions, the SUVmax at 1 h after administration ranged from 6.8 to 211.6 (mean, 64.6 SD, 54.8). The kidneys, liver, and bone marrow demonstrated low activity. 68GaGa-DPI-4452 was rapidly eliminated from blood and urine. No clinically significant toxicity was observed. Conclusion: 68GaGa-DPI-4452 showed exceptional tumor uptake in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma, with very high tumor-to-background ratios and no significant adverse events, suggesting potential diagnostic and patient selection applications.