Abstract Discussions at COP28 and COP29 emphasize that deploying advanced and small modular reactors (A/SMRs) with high safety and security standards can address energy security and climate change challenges. INCOSE's Vision 2035 advocates for systems‐theoretic approaches to integrate security throughout the development lifecycle, ensuring resilience in contested environments. The systems security engineering (SSE) domain aims to incorporate security solutions into systems engineering through requirements, trade‐space navigation, and systems architecture. Recent dialogues within INCOSE's SSE working group shift the security paradigm toward engineering for functional persistence in predatory and hostile environments. This perspective shifts the emphasis on security to highlight design decisions that enhance situational awareness, preparation, defense, and recovery capabilities and that augment efforts to manifest “security‐by‐design” for A/SMRs. By applying systems‐theoretic principles to integrate security early, frequently, and continuously, A/SMRs can improve their security performance and cost‐effectiveness. This proactive approach is essential for navigating the evolving threat landscape while meeting global energy security and climate change objectives.
Adam David Williams (Tue,) studied this question.