Dark Energy as Topological Pressure: An Information-Dynamic Origin of Cosmic Expansion

This work develops a dynamical, complexity-based cosmological model in which dark energy emerges not as a fixed vacuum term but as a geometric response of spacetime to the increasing informational and structural complexity of the universe. The central proposal introduces a time-dependent cosmological term Λ(t) = α · dC/dt where C(t) quantifies the total relational complexity, including contributions from classical matter organisation, hierarchical structure formation, and quantum entanglement. As the cosmic network of relations grows, the spacetime manifold must expand to accommodate the increasing relational density. This yields an effective topological pressure that manifests observationally as dark energy. The model provides a concrete dynamical mechanism absent in ΛCDM, addressing longstanding conceptual challenges such as the cosmological constant problem, the coincidence problem, and the lack of an evolutionary explanation for late-time acceleration. It predicts specific, testable deviations from ΛCDM at intermediate redshifts (1 < z < 3), driven by transitions in the dominant contributors to dC/dt, particularly the shift from classical structure formation to entanglement-driven microscopic complexity. This framework aligns naturally with two broader theoretical principles: • The Kernel Ontology Principle (KOP) – a relational model in which spacetime geometry emerges from a minimal kernel of invariant relational axioms.• The Energy–Information Continuity Hypothesis (EIK) – a microphysical view in which informational change incurs an energetic cost, providing a potential small-scale origin of the macroscopic behaviour of Λ(t). Together, these perspectives support a unified interpretation of dark energy as an emergent geometric effect induced by the universe’s evolving relational microstructure. The paper outlines observational signatures, theoretical implications, and pathways toward a quantitative information-based cosmology that links quantum relational dynamics with large-scale cosmic acceleration. For feedback or questions, contact: kh.researc@gmail.com