Global, regional, and national burden of bladder cancer from 1990 to 2021 with projections to 2050: insights from the global burden of disease study and Mendelian randomization analysis

Key Points

• Bladder cancer burden remains substantial despite decreasing trends in mortality and incidence.
• Key risk factors include smoking and high fasting glucose, which contribute to the disease's prevalence.
• Assessment using the global burden of disease study and Mendelian randomization highlights critical insights.
• Continued resource allocation is vital to address the increasing burden as populations age.