This paper proposes a risk-based, multi-objective approach to identify a solution, referred to as the fairness improvement plan, that enhances the fairness of photovoltaic (PV) curtailment, primarily applied to mitigate overvoltage issues in both balanced and unbalanced low-voltage distribution networks with high PV penetration. The proposed approach considers the uncertainty of loads, PV generation, and slack bus voltage. Relative Distance Measure (RDM) interval arithmetic is employed to represent these uncertainties while accounting for correlations among uncertain quantities, and the Pareto Simulated Annealing (PSA) method is used to generate a set of efficient fairness improvement plans. The Hurwicz criterion for measuring risk, which accounts for a decision maker’s risk preference, is incorporated in the interval TOPSIS technique to identify the fairness improvement plan, selected from a set of efficient plans, that minimizes the risk of financial losses and the risk of unfairness of PV’s active power curtailment. The numerical results obtained show that the proposed approach improves the insight and the understanding of the fairness improvement planning under uncertainty. They also highlight the effectiveness of incorporating decision makers’ risk preferences and their trade-off preferences between fairness and cost in developing the optimal fairness improvement plan under uncertainty in low-voltage distribution networks with high PV penetration.
Popović et al. (Tue,) studied this question.