What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to explore the association between the cardiometabolic index and the risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

January 10, 2026Open Access

The Cardiometabolic Index (CMI) is associated with an increased risk of obstructive sleep apnea: a population-based study

Key Result

Higher Cardiometabolic Index (CMI) is associated with increased risk of obstructive sleep apnea, with an OR of 1.272 for the highest versus lowest CMI groups (P < 0.001).

Key Points

This research aims to explore the association between the cardiometabolic index and the risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
Analysis of population data to evaluate the relationship between CMI and OSA risk.
Comparison of OSA risk across different CMI quartiles.
Focus on demographics including young individuals and females, specifically those without hypertension or stroke.
Significant increase in OSA risk for the highest CMI group compared to the lowest (OR = 1.272, P < 0.001).
Increased association observed particularly in young individuals and females.
Findings indicate that CMI can be a valuable tool for identifying high-risk populations for OSA.

Structured PICO

Is an elevated Cardiometabolic Index (CMI) associated with an increased risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults?

Population

14,986 adults (aged ≥ 20 years) from the 2005–2008 and 2015–2018 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), mean age 49.56, 49.83% female, United States.

Intervention

Cardiometabolic Index (CMI) as an exposure variable

Comparator

Lowest CMI quartile (Q1)

Outcome

Risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) defined by self-reported symptomspatient reported

The Cardiometabolic Index (CMI) demonstrates a non-linear positive association with obstructive sleep apnea risk, suggesting its potential utility as a convenient screening indicator for high-risk populations.

Main Result

Absolute Event Rate: 0% vs 0%

Abstract

This study found a non-linear positive association between CMI and OSA risk. Specifically, the OSA risk in the Q4 group was significantly higher than that in the Q1 group (OR = 1.272, P < 0.001). Additionally, the association was more prominent in young people, females, and populations without hypertension or stroke. These findings suggest that CMI may serve as a convenient indicator for early screening, particularly applicable to high-risk OSA populations with metabolic disorders. The results of this study provide a new perspective for public health interventions and clinical risk assessment of OSA.

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