This study aims to explore the impact of different station widths and foot deviant angles on the lower limb muscle coordination pattern during provide a basis for optimizing squat training. 20 male college students were recruited to conduct squat tests based on different stance distances and foot deflection angle combinations. The participants squatted down at a constant speed until their hips touched the marking rope position and then stood at a constant speed (the time is 3s-1s-3s). Data were collected using motion capture and electromyography test systems, and two-factor ANOVA statistics were counted through repeated measurements. 1) During the squat phase, the peak activation rate of gluteus maximus is affected by the interaction between the station distance and the foot deflection is significantly improved at a 30° wide distance; the peak activation rate of the long head of the biceps femoris is high at deflection angles. The average activation rate of some muscles is also affected by the two. 2) During the ascending stage, the peak activation rate of the tibial anterior muscle is higher at deflection angle; the average activation rate of the long head of the biceps femoris is higher at narrow distances, and the average activation rate of some muscles is higher at deflection angle. 3) The percentage of tibial anterior muscle activation is the highest in the squat stage, and the percentage of long head activation of biceps femoris in the ascending stage is the highest. During squatting, the lateral gastrocnemius and soleus muscles are activated first, and the activation sequence in the ascending stage is greatly affected by the foot deflection angle. When squatting at 30°, the difference in the EMG signal amplitude of the tibial anterior muscle and gluteus maxillary muscle is minimal. Research shows that during the squatting phase, a wide stance of 30° can increase the range of motion of the hip joint, and some muscles are related to ankle stability. During the ascending phase, a narrow stance can increase the flexion angle of the knee joint. The tibialis anterior and gluteus maximus are heavily loaded, and coordination is better when the wide stance is 30°. Different phases have their own muscle activation characteristics. During training, attention should be paid to stance distance and foot deflection to activate the target muscles.
Sun et al. (Thu,) studied this question.