Flame-retardant polymer-enabled space-confined carbonization toward quasi-spherical hard carbon for high-rate sodium storage

Key Points

• The research aims to enhance sodium storage performance in hard carbons derived from starch through improved carbonization techniques.
• Utilized flame-retardant polymers during carbonization processes.
• Explored the pyrolysis conditions to minimize volatile release.
• Analyzed the structural integrity and performance of the resulting hard carbons.
• Achieved a significant improvement in sodium storage capacity compared to traditional methods.
• Observed enhanced structural stability of quasi-spherical hard carbon at high rates.
• Reduced graphite domain size leading to improved electrochemical properties.