Transformers experience continuous thermal stress due to load variations, copper losses, and environmental conditions. Excessive heat accelerates insulation ageing, reduces reliability, and can lead to catastrophic failure. This paper presents a low-cost automatic cooling system that uses a DS18B20 digital temperature sensor, Arduino Uno, and a relay-driven 12V fan to regulate transformer temperature without manual intervention. The system continuously monitors temperature and activates forced air-cooling whenever the preset threshold is exceeded. Software-based hysteresis prevents relay chatter and ensures smooth operation. The proposed solution is simple, economical, and well-suited for small distribution transformers in rural or unattended environments.
Ritesh et al. (Tue,) studied this question.