What question did this study set out to answer?

To explore the relationship between multiple mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) and the severity of persistent post-concussion symptoms (PPCS) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

February 9, 2026Open Access

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Cumulative effects of mild traumatic brain injury in the general population: persistent post-concussion symptoms and post-traumatic stress

NSNicholas I. J. SmithUniversity of Exeter LHLee Hogarth JCJohn CorriganThe Ohio State University

Key Points

To explore the relationship between multiple mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) and the severity of persistent post-concussion symptoms (PPCS) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Analysis of data from the general population regarding mTBI occurrences.
Assessment of PPCS and PTSD symptoms associated with multiple mTBIs.
Evaluation of early intervention strategies for affected individuals.
Increased severity of PPCS observed in those with multiple mTBIs.
Higher levels of PTSD and C-PTSD symptoms identified in individuals with a history of mTBI.
Need for tailored interventions highlighted to mitigate long-term psychological effects.

Abstract

Multiple mTBIs are linked to increased PPCS and PTSD/C-PTSD severity in the general population. Early identification and tailored interventions are essential to reduce long-term psychological and neurological effects.

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View Full Paper

Cumulative effects of mild traumatic brain injury in the general population: persistent post-concussion symptoms and post-traumatic stress

Key Points

Abstract

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