Triple negative breast cancer: what clinical progress have we seen in the last 5 years?

Until recently, the only treatment available for TNBC was chemotherapy. Advances in the molecular characterization of TNBC has revealed distinct subtypes, enabling the development and approval of targeted therapies, including PARP inhibitors, immunotherapy, and antibody-drug conjugates. Treatment options for both early and advanced-stage TNBC are improving, although it remains the subtype with the poorest outcomes. Ongoing trials are focused on personalizing treatment through predictive biomarkers, response-adaptive strategies, and novel agents, with the goal of maximizing efficacy while minimizing toxicity.