Long-term exposure to nanoparticles alters senescence-associated markers and immune responses in human monocyte-derived macrophages

Key Points

• The research aims to evaluate how long-term exposure to nanoparticles affects immune responses and senescence markers in macrophages.
• Analyzed the effects of different types of nanoparticles on human monocyte-derived macrophages.
• Assessed inflammation levels and senescence markers, particularly p16 expression.
• Compared the impacts of gold nanoparticles, silica nanoparticles, and PET nanoparticles.
• Gold nanoparticles increased inflammation in macrophages.
• Silica nanoparticles had minimal effects on immune responses.
• PET nanoparticles significantly altered p16 expression, indicating changes in senescence.