What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to derive the mass of light baryons using fundamental concepts without adjustable parameters.

February 14, 2026Open Access

Derivation of Baryon Masses from Confinement Geometry and Relativistic Kinematics

Key Points

The aim is to derive the mass of light baryons using fundamental concepts without adjustable parameters.
Used five fundamental inputs including QCD scale and geometric factors.
Applied relativistic kinematics and confinement geometry based on quark interactions.
Calibrated quark masses using light meson spectra.
Derived baryon masses without parameter fitting.
Confirmed quark momentum calculations matching established QCD scales.
Demonstrated topological constraints governing quark locality in baryons.

Abstract

The mass of any light baryon (uu, dd, ss quarks) is derived without fitting parameters from five fundamental inputs: QCD scale ΛQCD=200ΛQCD=200 independently via asymptotic freedom in deep inelastic scattering (high-Q2Q2 regime where hadrons do not yet form). Geometric factor π/2=1. 5708π/2=1. 5708Arising from equilateral triangle topology of three-body confinement (90° projection angle for ground state). Quark momentum pc=ΛQCD⋅π/2=314. 16=ΛQCD⋅π/2=314. 16 consequence of (1) and (2) — no fitting. Current quark massesmu=2. 16=2. 16, md=4. 67=4. 67, ms=93. 0=93. 0 exclusively on light meson spectra (π±π±, K±K±), never on baryons. Definiteness LawTopological constraint ΔxijΔpij≥ℏ21+ln⁡2 (mi/mj) ΔxijΔpij≥2ℏ1+ln2 (mi/mj) forbidding complete localization of three fermions in a color singlet. . The model is available under CC BY 4. 0 license: https: //doi. org/10. 5281/zenodo. 18518434.

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