What does this research mean for the field?

An increasing proportion of individuals with Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS) are choosing to retain their gonads rather than undergo postpubertal gonadectomy. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.NOVEL_FINDING. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

To examine the trends in gonadal management and associated malignancy risk in individuals with Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS) over 25 years.

February 19, 2026Open Access

Evolution of gonadal management in Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome: a 25-year retrospective cohort study from a dedicated Differences of Sex Development service

Key Points

To examine the trends in gonadal management and associated malignancy risk in individuals with Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS) over 25 years.
Retrospective cohort analysis of individuals with CAIS over 25 years.
Evaluation of gonadal management choices and their consequences.
Assessment of malignancy incidence in retained gonads.
A higher proportion of individuals chose to retain their gonads instead of undergoing gonadectomy.
Malignancy incidence was low in the cohort, aligning with recent literature findings.
Need for further exploration of decision-making factors regarding gonadal management.

Abstract

An increasing proportion of individuals with CAIS are choosing to retain their gonads rather than have postpubertal gonadectomy. Malignancy incidence in this cohort was low, consistent with recent literature. Further work should explore decision-making factors and how gonadal function and malignancy risk in CAIS changes through adulthood.

Evolution of gonadal management in Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome: a 25-year retrospective cohort study from a dedicated Differences of Sex Development service

Key Points

Abstract

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