What question did this study set out to answer?

To investigate a practical scheme for improving efficiency in modeling fine structures and analyzing far-field characteristics using the HIE-FDTD method.

February 19, 2026Open Access

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Efficiency‐Enhanced HIE‐FDTD With Nonuniform Grid and CPML

KXKefang XiaoHangzhou Dianzi University KZKanglong ZhangHangzhou Dianzi University WJWenhao JingHangzhou Dianzi University

Key Points

To investigate a practical scheme for improving efficiency in modeling fine structures and analyzing far-field characteristics using the HIE-FDTD method.
Applied nonuniform grid (NG) and convolution perfectly matched layer (CPML) in HIE-FDTD
Demonstrated numerical stability through analytical proofs
Verified effectiveness via simulation analysis and experimental comparisons
Achieved a 16.7% improvement in computational efficiency over traditional HIE-FDTD
Significantly reduced memory usage through targeted discretization with NG
Maintained stability using the CPML technique

Abstract

ABSTRACT To achieve efficient modeling of unidirectional fine structure and accurate analysis of far‐field characteristics, a practical scheme applying the nonuniform grid (NG) and convolution perfectly matched layer (CPML) in the hybrid implicit‐explicit (HIE) finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method is investigated. The numerical stability of the proposed method is rigorously demonstrated analytically, and its effectiveness is verified by simulation analysis and experimental comparison of antenna examples. The computational efficiency is improved 16.7% compared to the HIE‐FDTD method, and memory usage is significantly reduced through targeted discretization with NG and stability maintenance via CPML.

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Cite This Study

Xiao et al. (Sun,) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6996a8efecb39a600b3f0376 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70527

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