What does this research mean for the field?

TeleZK-L2 reduces on-chain verification costs by approximately 52% and generates proofs at a rate 40% faster than the standard Groth16 baseline for privacy-preserving telehealth data verification. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.NOVEL_FINDING. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to create a scalable framework that ensures privacy and verifies health data using zk-SNARKs on Layer-2 blockchains.

February 21, 2026Open Access

TeleZK-L2: a scalable zk-SNARK framework for privacy-preserving telehealth data verification on Layer-2 blockchain

PJPrabhavathi JayaramanVellore Institute of Technology University RDRadhakrishnan DelhibabuVellore Institute of Technology University

Key Points

The aim is to create a scalable framework that ensures privacy and verifies health data using zk-SNARKs on Layer-2 blockchains.
Proposed the TeleZK-L2 framework combining zk-SNARKs with Layer-2 solutions.
Introduced a Distributed Prover Network to optimize cryptographic computations.
Utilized Optimistic Proof Aggregation to reduce on-chain data requirements.
Anchored verification logic on the Polygon zkEVM for improved throughput.
Proof generation rate is 40% faster than the Groth16 baseline.
On-chain verification costs are reduced by approximately 52%.
Maintains constant-time verification complexity regardless of batch size.
Achieved peak throughput of 260 transactions per second (TPS).

Abstract

Introduction In the contemporary digital health landscape, securing personal health data against unauthorized access while ensuring its verifiability is a paramount challenge. A critical conflict exists between the transparency required for data verification and the privacy mandated by global regulations such as HIPAA and GDPR. Existing Layer-1 blockchain solutions suffer from prohibitive gas costs and high latency, rendering them unsuitable for real-time monitoring of high-volume health data streams. Methods This paper proposes TeleZK-L2, a novel framework that synergizes distributed Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Arguments of Knowledge (zk-SNARKs) with Layer-2 scaling solutions. The architecture introduces a Distributed Prover Network (DPN) to parallelize heavy cryptographic computations and utilizes Optimistic Proof Aggregation to minimize on-chain data footprints. The verification logic is anchored on the Polygon zkEVM to ensure high throughput and low-cost settlement. Results Extensive simulations on a 16-node high-performance cluster demonstrate that TeleZK-L2 generates proofs at a rate 40% faster than the standard Groth16 baseline. Furthermore, the framework reduces on-chain verification costs by approximately 52%. The system maintains constant-time verification complexity regardless of batch size, achieving a peak throughput of 260 TPS. Discussion TeleZK-L2 provides the technical privacy guarantees necessary to support adherence to HIPAA and GDPR data minimization mandates while maintaining cryptographic soundness. By resolving the "Scalability-Privacy Trilemma," this framework demonstrates significant potential for large-scale deployment in national telehealth infrastructures and remote patient monitoring ecosystems.

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