Abstract Introduction Extended reality (XR) technologies are increasingly integrated into anatomy education to complement traditional methods and enhance spatial learning. Despite rapid growth in this field, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis mapping its intellectual, conceptual, and collaborative landscape is lacking. This study aimed to map the scientific landscape of XR applications in anatomy education using a science mapping approach. Methods A bibliometric analysis was conducted, using the Web of Science Core Collection covering the research literature published between 1983 and 2025. Inclusion criteria encompassed English-language articles and reviews focusing on XR applications in anatomy education. Data were analysed using VOSviewer and Bibliometrix/Biblioshiny to visualise co-authorship networks, keyword co-occurrence, thematic structures, conceptual clustering, trend topics, and thematic evolution. Results Keyword analyses identified virtual reality, anatomy education, and medical education as foundational themes, while augmented reality, mixed reality, and artificial intelligence were emerging topics. The United States emerged as the leading contributor in publication count and citations, with strong collaborations with Canada, Germany, the United Kingdom, China, and Australia. Thematic mapping highlighted medical education and augmented reality as motor themes, while thematic evolution showed a shift from early computer simulation and three-dimensional imaging towards XR systems. Hierarchical clustering revealed three primary domains: technological development, surgical simulation training, and pedagogical integration. Conclusion This study provides an overview of XR-based anatomy education research through science mapping, highlighting key themes, emerging directions, and areas for exploration. Future research could examine the pedagogical value of intelligent XR systems, encourage interdisciplinary and cross-regional collaboration, and explore inclusive strategies for integrating these tools into curricula to support anatomical learning.
Elvan et al. (Fri,) studied this question.