What question did this study set out to answer?

This review aims to explore the research trends related to ecosystem services in UNESCO World Heritage sites and their importance for sustainability.

February 25, 2026Open Access

Ecosystem services in UNESCO World Heritage sites: a review of research trends and future directions

Key Points

This review aims to explore the research trends related to ecosystem services in UNESCO World Heritage sites and their importance for sustainability.
Analyzed 201 publications from 2005 to 2025
Compared World Heritage Ecosystem Services with frameworks like MAB and GIAHS
Identified unique characteristics and research trajectories
Highlighted the underrecognized value of ecosystem services in World Heritage sites
Provided practical recommendations for addressing conservation challenges
Outlined future research directions for better understanding WHES

Abstract

UNESCO World Heritage sites provide vital ecosystem services that support sustainable human well-being, yet their value remains underrecognized amid growing threats. This research comprehensively analyzes 201 publications (2005–2025) to elucidate the research trajectory and emerging frontiers of World Heritage Ecosystem Services (WHES). By juxtaposing WHES with other frameworks such as MAB and GIAHS, the analysis delineates its unique characteristics and offers practical recommendations for overcoming conservation challenges.

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